Ausschuss für Hygiene

Sendai Virus

Host species:
  • mouse, rat, hamster, (guinea pig)

Organotropism:
  • respiratory tract

Clinical disease:
  • usually inapparent
  • severe clinical disease with complicating infections (M. pulmonis, CAR bacillus)

Pathology:
  • focal/segmental necrotizing inflammation of respiratory epithilium
  • suppurative or necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis
  • foci of interstitial pneumonia

Morbidity and mortality:
  • up to 100% of a colony infected
  • morbidity and mortality depending on host strain (Brownstein and Winkler, 1986, Parker et al., 1978, Percy et al., 1994, Steward and Tucker, 1978)

Interference with research:

Physiology

  • Sendai virus infection in guinea pigs and rats enhances airway responsiveness to acetylcholine and substance P (Elwood et al., 1993; Yamawaki et al., 1995)
  • Sendai virus infection aggravates the airway damage in rat lung allografts with chronic rejection (Winter et al., 1994)
  • Sendai virus infection reduces the life span of the H-2d and H-2b genotypes B10 congenic mice (Yunis and Salazar, 1993)

Pathology

  • increased number of mitotic cells in bronchial epithelium and in lung parenchyma (Richter, 1970)
  • increase in bronchiolar mast cells persists for months after infection (Sorden and Castleman, 1995)
  • Sendai virus nucleoprotein gene is detectable in the olfactory bulbs of intranasally infected mice for at least 168 days post-infection (p.i.) by PCR (Mori et al., 1995)

Immunology

  • increase in natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity (Clark et al., 1979)
  • induction of tumor necrosis factor and other cytokines (Aderka et al., 1986; Costas et al., 1993; Mo et al.,1995; Uhl et al., 1996)
  • long term effect on the immune system (55 out of 63 parameters are affected (Kay, 1978)
  • Sendai virus infection of C57BL/6 mice elicits a strong CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell response in the respiratory tract (Cole et al., 1994)
  • infected mice have enhanced numbers of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors ( > 20x background) for life (Doherty et al., 1994)
  • impairment of macrophage function causing delay in wound healing (Kenyon, 1983)

Infectiology

  • decrease of pulmonary bacterial clearance ( Degre and Solberg, 1971)
  • interaction with bacterial pathogens (Jakab, 1981)

Oncology

  • production of polyploid variants of tumor cells with increased chromosome numbers and reduced tumourigenicity (Matsuya et al., 1978)
  • reduced transplantability of hamster tumor cells in combination with augmented cell-mediated immunity (Ogura et al., 1980; Yamada and Hatano, 1972)
  • altered host responce to transplantable tumors (Wheelock, 1966, 1967; Collins and Parker, 1972; Matsuya et al., 1978)
  • strong influence on chemically induced carcinogenesis (Peck et al., 1983)

References:

Aderka, D., H. Holtmann, L. Toker, T. Hahn, and D Wallach. 1986. Tumor necrosis factor induction by Sendai virus. J. Immunol. 8:2938-2942.

Brownstein, D. G., and S. Winkler. 1986. Genetic resistance to lethal Sendai virus pneumonia: Virus replication and Interferon Production in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. Lab. Anim. Sci. 36:126-130.

Carthew, P., and S. Sparrow. 1980. Sendai virus in nude and germ-free rats. Res Vet. Sci. 29:289-292.

Clark, E.A., P.H. Russell, M. Egghart, and M.A. Horton. 1979. Characteristics and genetic control of NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity activated by naturally acquired infection in the mouse. Int. J. Cancer 24:688-699.

Cole, G. A., and J. M. Katz. 1994. Analysis of the primary T-cell response to Sendai virus infection in C57BL/6 mice: CD4+ T-cell recognition is directed predominantly to the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein. J. Virol. 68:6863-6870.

Collins, M.J. Jr., and J.C. Parker. 1972. Murine virus contaminants of leukemia viruses and transplantable tumors. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 49:1139-1143.

Costas, M. A., D. Mella, M. Criscuolo, A. Diaz, S. Finkielman, V. E. Nahmod, and E. Arzt. 1993. Superinduction of mitogen-stimulated interferon-gamma production and other lymphokines by Sendai virus. J. Interferon Res. 13:407-412.

Degre, M., and L.A. Solberg. 1971. Synergistic effect in viral bacterial infection. I. Combined infection of the respiratory tract in mice with parainfluenza virus and Hemophilus influenza. J. Infect. Dis. 118:449-462.

Doherty, P. C., S. Hou, and R. A. Tripp. 1994. CD8+ T-cell memory to viruses. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 6:545-552.

Elwood, W., J. O. Lotvall, P. J. Barnes, and K. F. Chung. 1993. Airway hyperresponsiveness to acetylcholine and to tachykinins after respiratory virus infection in the guinea pig. Ann. Allergy. 70:231-236.

Jakab, G.J. 1981. Interaction between Sendai virus and bacterial pathogens in the murine lung: a review. Lab. Anim. Sci. 31:170-177.

Kay, M.M.B. 1978. Long term subclinical effects of parainfluenza (Sendai) infection on immune cells of aging mice. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 158:326-331.

Kenyon, A. J. 1983. Delayed wound healing in mice associated with viral alteration of macrophages. Am. J. Vet. Res. 44:652-656.

Matsuya, Y., T. Kusano, S. Endo, N. Takahashi, and I. Yamane. 1978. Reduced tumorgenicity by addition in vitro of Sendai virus. Europ. Cancer 14:837-850.

Mo, X. Y., S. R. Sarawar, and P. C. Doherty. 1995. Induction of cytokines in mice with parainfluenza pneumonia. J. Virol. 69:1288-1291.

Mori, I., T. Komatsu, K. Takeuchi, K. Nakakuki, M. Sudo, and Y. Kimura. 1995. Parainfluenza virus type 1 infects olfactory neurons and establishes long-term persistence in the nerve tissue. J. Gen. Virol. 76:1251-1254.

Oghura, H., H. Sato, J. Tanaka, M. Hatano, S. Fukuda, and O. Morita. 1980. Relationship between tumor formation and cell-mediated immunity in hamster with transplanted HJV (Sendai-virus) varrying tumor cells. Gann 71:325-332.

Parker, J.C., M.D. Whiteman, and C.B. Richter. 1978. Susceptibility of inbred and outbred mouse strains to Sendai virus and prevalence of infection in laboratory rodents. Infec. Immun. 19:123-130.

Peck, R.M., G.J. Eaton, E.B. Peck, and S. Litwin. 1983. Influence of Sendai virus on carcinogenesis in strain A mice. Lab. Anim. Sci. 33:154-156.

Percy, D. H., D. C. Auger, and B. A. Croy. 1994. Signs and lesions of experimental Sendai virus infection in two genetically distinct strains of SCID/beige mice. Vet. Pathol. 31:67-73.

Richter, C.B. 1970. Application of infectious agents to the study of lung cancer: studies on the etiology and morphogenesis of metaplastic lung lesions in mice. 365-382. In: P. Nettesheim, M.G. Hanna and J.W. Deatherage eds.) Morphology of experimental respiratory carcinogenesis, AEC Symposium Series 21.

Sorden, S. D., and W. L. Castleman. 1995. Virus-induced increases in bronchiolar mast cells in Brown Norway rats are associated with both local mast cell proliferation and increases in blood mast cell precursors. Lab. Invest. 73:197-204.

Steward R. B., and M. J. Tucker. 1978. Infection of inbred strains of mice with Sendai virus. Can. J. Microbiol. 24:9-13.

Uhl, E.W., W.L. Castleman, R.L. Sorkness, W.W. Busse, R.F. Lemanske Jr., and P.K. McAllister. 1996. Parainfluenza virus-induced persistence of airway inflammation, fibrosis, and dysfunction associated with TGF-beta 1 expression in brown Norway rats. Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care Med. 154:1834-1842.

Wheelock, E.F. 1966. The effect of nontumor viruses on virus-induced leukemia in mice: Reciprocal interference between Sendai virus and Friend leukemia in DBA/2 mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 55:774-780.

Wheelock, E.F. 1967. Inhibitory effects of Sendai virus on Friend leukemia in mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 38:771-778.

Winter, J. B., A. S. Gouw, M. Groen, C. Wildevuur, and J. Prop. 1994. Respiratory viral infections aggravate airway damage caused by chronic rejection in rat lung allografts. Transplantation 57:418-422.

Yamada, T., and M. Hatano. 1972. Lowered transplantability of cultured tumor cells by persistent infection with paramyxovirus (HVJ). Gann 63:647-655.

Yamawaki, I., P. Geppetti, C. Bertrand, B. Chan, P. Massion, G. Piedimonte, and J. A. Nadel. 1995. Viral infection potentiates the increase in airway blood flow produced by substance P. J. Appl. Physiol. 79:398-404.

Yunis, E. J., and M. Salazar (1993). Genetics of life span in mice. Genetica 91:211-23.
Author: F. Homberger