Ausschuss für Hygiene

Host species:

• mouse (positive serologic results in rats are most likely due to a yet unidentified rat adenovirus (Smith and Barthold, 1987))

Organotropism:

• MAd-1: polytropic
• MAd-2: intestine

Clinical disease:

• none in naturally infected immunocompetent animals
  
• wasting disease in athymic mice

Pathology:

• MAd-1:
  • only experimental infections discribed
  • necrotic foci and intranuclear inclusion bodies in various organs (brown fat, myocardium, adrenal glands etc.)
• MAd-2:
  • only intestine affected
  • intranuclear inclusion bodies in mucosal epithelium
  • little inflammation

Morbidity and mortality:

• morbidity: no information, mortality: none in natural infections
• significant strain differences in susceptibility (x6000) (Kring et al., 1995)

Zoonotic potential:

• none

Special considerations:

• natural occuring MAd-1 has not been reported for many years
• prevalence of MAd-2 is largely unknown in Europe (in Australian wild mice: 37% (Smith et al., 1993)
• MAd-1 and MAd-2 do not cross-react serologically

Interference with research:

Immunology

• transient increase in IL-12 release from macrophages (Coutelier et al., 1995)

Infectiology

• raises susceptibility to E. coli pyelonephritis during persistent infection (Ginder, 1964)
• accelerates experimental scrapie infection (Ehresmann and Hogan, 1986)

Physiology

• induces blood-brain barrier dysfunction (Guida et al., 1995)

References:

Ginder, D. R. 1964. Increased susceptibility of mice infected with mouse adenoviruses to Escherichia coli-induced pyelonephritis. J. Exp. Med. 120:1117-1128.

Ehresmann, D. E. and R. N. Hogan. 1986. Acceleration of scrapie disease in mice by an adenovirus. Intervirol. 25:103-110.

Smith, A. L. and S. W. Barthold. 1987. Factors influencing susceptibility of lsaboratory rodents to infection with mouse hepatitis virus K87 and FL. Arch. Virol. 95:143-148.

Kring, S. C., C. S. King and K. R. Spindler. 1995. Susceptibility and signs associated with mouse adenovirus type 1 infection of adult outbred Swiss mice. J. Virol. 69:8084-8088.

Smith, A. L., G. R. Singleton, G. M. Hansen and G. Shellam. 1993. A serologic survey for viruses and Mycoplasma pulmonis among wild house mice (Mus domesticus) in southeastern Australia. J. Wildlife Dis. 29:219-229.

Coutelier, J. P., J. van Broeck and S. F. Wolf. 1995. Interleukin-12 expression after viral infection in the mouse. J. Virol. 69:1955-1958.

Guida, J. D., G. Fejer, L. A. Pirofski, C. F. Brosman and M. S. Horowitz. 1995. Mouse adenovirus type 1 causes a fatal hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis in adult C57BL/6 but not in BALB/c mice. J. Virol. 69:7674-7681.