Ausschuss für Hygiene

History:

Host species:

• natural host: laboratory and wild rats (RPV) and mice (MPV)

Properties of the Virus:

Strain susceptibility:

• none

Organotropism:

• viral replication in mitotically active tissues like, e.g. gastrointestinal tract, lymphocytes, tumours, tropism for lymphoid cells (McKisic et al 1993, Jacoby et al. 1996, Shek et al. 1998)
• predilection for lymphoid tissues of infant and adult mice (MPV) (Jacoby & Ball-Goodrich 1995) or endothelium and lymphoid tissues of rats (RPV) (Ball-Goodrich et al. 1998)
• MPV detectable in pancreas, spleen, lymph nodes, lungs, intestines, kidneys (Smith et al. 1993, Besselsen et al. 1995)
• RPV detectable in lymph nodes, small intestines, kidneys, spleen, etc. (Ueno et al. 1996, Ball-Goodrich et al. 1998)

Clinical disease:

• infection asymptomatic even in infant and severely immunocompromised mice (SCID mice) (Smith et al. 1993, Jacoby et al. 1995) and rats (Jacoby & Ball-Goodrich 1995, Ball-Goodrich et al. 1998)

Pathology:

• no pathology or histologic lesions after experimental (i.p., oral) infection (Smith et al. 1993, Jacoby et al. 1995, Ball-Goodrich et al. 1998)

Morbidity and mortality:

• infection asymptomatic even in neonatal and infant mice and rats (Smith et al. 1993, Jacoby & Ball-Goodrich 1995, Ball-Goodrich et al. 1998)

Zoonotic potential:

• none

Interference with research:

Immunology

• MPV first isolated from a CD8+ T cell clone that had lost function and viability (McKisic et al. 1993)
• inhibition of proliferation of CD8+ and CD4+T cell clones stimulated with IL-2 or antigen, but no inhibition of the generation of cytotoxic T cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) (McKisic et al. 1993)
• reduced cytolytic capacity of T cells after MPV infection (McKisic et al. 1996)
• MPV diminishes the of proliferation rate o lymphocytes from spleen and popliteal lymph nodes, but augments the proliferative response of cells from mesenterial lymph nodes (McKisic et al. 1996, Jacoby et al. 1996)
• T cell mediated potentiation of rejection of allogeneic skingrafts by MPV infection, induction of rejection of syngeneic skin grafts (McKisic et al 1998)
• RPV infection may modulate immune function (Ball-Goodrich et al. 1998)

Cell biology

• contaminant of cell lines (McKisic et al. 1993)
• infection transplantable tumours (Ball-Goodrich et al. 1998

Oncology

• MPV accelerates tumour allograft rejection (McKisic et al. 1996)
• contamination of transplantable leukaemia cells by RPV (Ball Goodrich et al. 1998)
• milder disease (reduced hepatosplenomegaly) or delayed onset of clinical signs and leukaemia in RPV infected tumour-bearing rats compared to uninfected rats (Jacoby et al. 1996, Ball Goodrich et al. 1998)

References:

Ball-Goodrich, L. J., and E. Johnson. 1994. Molecular characterization of a newly recognized mouse parvovirus. J. Virol. 68:6476-6486.

Ball-Goodrich, L. J., S. E. Leland, E. A. Johnson, F. X. Paturzo, and R. O. Jacoby. 1998. Rat parvovirus type 1: the prototype for a new rodent parvovirus serogroup. J. Virol. 72:3289-3299.

Besselsen, D. G., C. L. Besch-Williford, D. J. Pintel, C. L. Franklin, R. R. Hook, and L. K. Riley. 1995. Detection of newly recognized rodent parvoviruses by PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:2859-2863.

Fassolitis, A. C., J. T. Peeler, V. I. Jones, and E. P. Larkin. 1985. Thermal resistance of three parvoviruses: a possible human isolate, the minute virus of mice, and the latent rat virus. J. Food. Protect. 48:4-6.

Jacoby, R. O., and L. J. Ball-Goodrich. 1995. Parvovirus infections of mice and rats. Sem. Virol. 6:329-337.

Jacoby, R. O., E. A. Johnson, L. Ball-Goodrich, A. L. Smith, and M. D. McKisic. 1995. Characterization of mouse parvovirus infection by in situ hybridization. J. Virol. 69:3915-3919.

Jacoby, R. O., L. J. Ball-Goodrich, D. G. Besselsen, M. D. McKisic, L. K. Riley, and A. L. Smith. 1996. Rodent parvovirus infections. Lab. Anim. Sci. 46:370-380.

McKisic, M. D., D. W. Lancki, G. Otto, P. Padrid, S. Snook, D. C. Cronin, P. D. Lohmar, T. Wong, and F. W. Fitch. 1993. Identification and propagation of a putative immunosuppressive orphan parvovirus in cloned T cells. J. Immunol. 150:419-428.

McKisic, M. D., F. X. Paturzo, and A. L. Smith. 1996. Mouse parvovirus infection potentiates rejection of tumor allografts and modulates T cell effector function. Transplantation 61:292-299.

McKisic, M. D., J. D. Macy, M. L. Delano, R. O. Jacoby, F. X. Paturzo, and A. L. Smith. 1998. Mouse parvovirus infection potentiates allogeneic skin graft rejection and induces syngeneic graft rejection. Transplantation 65:1436-1446.

Shek, W. R., F. X. Paturzo, E. A. Johnson, G. M. Hansen, and A. L. Smith. 1998. Characterization of mouse parvovirus infection among BALB/c mice from an enzootically infected colony. Lab. Anim. Sci. 48:294-297.

Smith, A. L., R. O. Jacoby, E. A. Johnson, F. Paturzo, and P. N. Bhatt. 1993. In vivo studies with an "orphan" parvovirus of mice. Lab. Anim. Sci. 43:175-182.

Ueno, Y., F. Sugiyama, and K. Yagami. 1996. Detection and in vivo transmission of rat orphan parvovirus (ROPV). Lab. Anim 30:114-119.

Ueno, Y., F. Sugiyama, Y. Sugiyama, K. Ohsawa, H. Sato, and K. Yagami. 1997. Epidemiological characterization of newly recognized rat parvovirus, "rat orphan parvovirus". J. Vet. Med. Sci. 59:265-269.

Tattersall, P., and S. F. Cotmore. 1986. The rodent parvoviruses, p. 305-348. in: Bhatt, P. N. et al. (Eds.), Viral and mycoplasmal infections of laboratory rodents. Effects on biomedical research. Academic Press Inc., Orlando, 1986

Yang, F.-C., F. X. Paturzo, and R. O. Jacoby. 1995. Environmental stability and transmission of rat virus. Lab. Anim. Sci. 45:140-144.