Ausschuss für Hygiene

Host species:

• rat

Organotropism:

• salivary and lacrimal (incl. Harderian) glands, respiratory tract

Clinical disease:

• enzootic: asymptomatic or mild conjunctivitis in suckling rats
• epizootic: nasal and ocular discharge, porphyrin staining, corneal ulceration, swelling of the neck, exophthalmus
• SDAV may persisted for at least 6 months in athymic rats (Hajjar et al., 1991; Weir et al., 1990)

Pathology:

• acute: coagulation necrosis of the ductual structure of the salivary and lacrimal glands
• reparative phase: squamous metaplasia of ductual and acinar structures of the salivary and lacrimal glands

Morbidity and mortality:

• morbidity: high
• mortality: none

Interference with research:

Physiology

• interference with studies involving eyes, salivary and lacremal glands or respiratory system (Jacoby, 1986)
• reduced reproduction and growth rates (Utsumi et al., 1980)
• impairing functions such as olfaction and chemoreception for up to two weeks postexposure (Bihun and Percy, 1995)

Immunology

• reduction of interleukin production in alveolar macrophages (Boschert et al., 1988)
• causes increase of localized graft-vs.-host disease in salivary and lacrimal glands after bone marrow transplant (Rossie et al., 1988)

Infectiology

• increased adherence of Mycoplasma pulmonis in tracheas of infected rats (Schoeb et al., 1993)
• enhances lower respiratory tract disease in rats following Mycoplasma pulmonis infection (Schunk et al., 1995)

Oncology

• reduction of epidermal growth factor in submaxillary salivary gland (Percy et al., 1988)
• causes higher prevalence of anterior pituitary tumors in male F344/NCr rats (Rao et al., 1989)

References:

Bihun, C. G., and D. H. Percy. 1995. Morphologic changes in the nasal cavity associated with sialodacryoadenitis virus infection in the Wistar rat. Vet. Pathol. 32:1-10.

Boschert, K.R., T.R. Schoeb, D.B. Chandler, and D.L. Dillehay. 1988. Inhibition of phagocytosis and interleukin-1 production in pulmonary macrophages from rats with sialodacryoadenitis virus infection. J. Leukocyte Biol. 44:87-92

Hajjar, A. M., R. F. DiGiacomo, J. K. Carpenter, S. A. Bingel, and T. C. Moazed. 1991. Chronic sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) infection in athymic rats. Lab. Anim. Sci. 41:22-25.

Jacoby, R.O. 1986. Rat coronavirus. In Viral and mycoplasmal infections of laboratory rodents. p. 625-638. In P. N. Bhatt, R. O. Jacoby, A. C. Morse, III and A. E. New (eds.), Viral and mycoplasmal infection of laboratory rodents: Effects on biomedical research. Academic Press, Orlando.

Percy, D. H., M. A. Hayes, T. E. Kocal, and Z. W. Wojcinski. 1988. Depletion of salivary gland epidermal growth factor by sialodacryoadenitis virus infection in the Wistar rat. Vet. Pathol. 25:183-192.

Rao, G. N., J. K. Haseman, and J. Edmondson. 1989. Influence of viral infections on body weight, survival, and tumor prevalence in Fischer 344/NCr rats on two-year studies. Lab. Anim. Sci. 39:389-393.

Rossie, K. M., J. F. Sheridan, S. W. Barthold, and P. J. Tutschka. 1988. Graft-versus-host disease and sialodacryoadenitis viral infection in bone marrow transplanted rats. Transplantation 45:1012-1016.

Schoeb, T. R., M. M. Juliana, P. W. Nichols, J. K. Davis, and J. R. Lindsey. 1993. Effects of viral and mycoplasmal infections, ammonia exposure, vitamin A deficiency, host age, and organism strain on adherence of Mycoplasma pulmonis in cultured rat tracheas. Lab. Anim. Sci. 43:417-424.

Schunk, M. K., D. H. Percy, and S. Rosendal. 1995. Effect of time of exposure to rat coronavirus and Mycoplasma pulmonis on respiratory tract lesions in the Wistar rat. Can. J. Vet. Res. 59:60-66.

Utsumi, K., T. Ishikawa, T. Maeda, S. Shimizu, H. Tatsumi, and K. Fujiwara. 1980. Infectious sialodacryoadenitis and rat breeding. Lab. Anim. 14:303-307.

Weir, E. C., R. O. Jacoby, F. X. Paturzo, E. A. Johnson, and R. B. Ardito. 1990. Persistence of sialodacryoadenitis virus in athymic rats. Lab. Anim. Sci. 40:138-143.